C Y M R A E G

John Walters jr. to Iolo Morganwg, 4 March 1783

(NLW 21283W, Letter 525)


John Walters, junior to Iolo Morganwg


4 March 1783


Address: To Mr Edward Williams, St. Mary Church, near Cowbridge, Glamorganshire, South Wales Postmark: illegible
Source: NLW 21283E, no. 525




Mr Jones's, No. 127 New Bond Street, March 4 1783

Dear Iorwerth,
Your translation has arrived. It is as excellent as the original. Here is Mr O. Jones's copy. Will you do me the additional favour of revising it where the MSS differ and send me immediately, together with the promised notes, the most approved readings? If you will undertake this trouble, be so kind as to arrange the whole poem according to your judgment, supplying the deficient stanza from your own Welsh copy. Put as much matter as you can oblige me with into your letter; I shall be glad upon this occasion to have a double or even a treble letter to pay for.

Mr Jones intends to make you a present of a book which he will shortly publish, Reliques of British and Welsh Music, Interspersed with Poetry of the Same Language and Date. He has set down your name among the subscribers and when you come to London will be glad to see you and will entertain you with his performance on the harp, which is of such a kind as will be new to you - such perhaps as the pencerddion dant [master-musicians] of Griffith ap Conan and Prince Rhys of Abertivy were famous for.

What is your explanation of the following technical musical terms to be found in Dr J. D. Rhys's Grammar, p. 298: cwlwm, colofn, cwlwm cydgerdd, cadair, gosteg, mwchwl &c? What names are we now to give to the five principal keys of Welsh music? See Richards's Dictionary, under the article cywair [tuning].

When I have received from you these obliging communications for which the press waits, I intend to write you a long letter. In the mean time I am, dear Iorwerth,

Your obliged and well-wishing friend,
John Walters



Afallennau Myrddin, y rhai a gawsai gan ei arglwydd, Gwenddoleu ab Heidio - allan o'r Delyn Ledr.
Copy of Owen Jones's Afallennau with the different readings in the margin.
go to translationgo to notes
A roddaid i neb yn un plygaint
A roed i Ferddin cyn no hena<e>int:
Saith afallen beireint a saith uga<e>int
Yn gyfoed, gyfux, gyhyd, gymmaint.
Trwy fron ‡trugaredd y tyfeddiant
- ‡teyrnedd (arall)

Yn ddoled uxed ai gorthsaint,
Hoywedd ei henw, gloyw yn ei daint.

Afallen beren, bren y sydd fad,
Nid byxan dy lwyth sydd ffrwyth arnad;
A minnau wyf ofnawg amgelawg am danad
Rhag dyfod y coedwyr, coed gymmynnad,
I gladdu dy wraidd a llygru dy hád
Fal na thyfo byth afal arnad.
A minneu wyf gwyllt gorthryxiad,
Im cathredd cythrudd nim cydd dillad.
Neum rhoddes Gwenddoleu tlysau yn rhad
Ac yntau heddyw fal na buad.
[sideways, referring to this verse:]
This verse is right according to Mr Evans's Specimens.

Afallen beren, bren addfeinus
Gwasgadfod, glodfawr, buddfawr, brydus;
Ydd wnant bennaetheu gam gyfesgus
A myneix geuawg, bwydiawg, gwydïus;
A gweision ein ffraeth, bid arfaethus,
Ydd fyddant wyr rammant, rit rwyvanus.

Afallen beren, hydwf glas,
Plu fawr ei xangen ai xain wanas;
A mi disgoganaf cad am dias,
Pengwern ‡cyfedd grudd medd eu hadl<d>as.
- ‡cyfeddgrunt


Afallen beren a dyf yn llannerx,
Angerdd oi <ac> hargel ‡rhag rhieu Rhydderx;
- ‡a geiriau

<Y>Amsathr yn ei bon, masn yn ei xylx,
‡Oedd aeleu uddudd du<y>lloedd dihefeirx.
- / ‡Oedd aylaw yddynt dylloedd dehebeyrx

‡Mi ni'm car Gwenddydd ac nim hennyrx,
- / ‡ Yn ym car Gwenddydd ac nym kyveirx

Wyf cas gan Wasawg, gwaesaf ‡Ryddyrx -
- ‡Rhyddeirch

Ry ‡rewiniais i fab ef ai ferx.
- ‡rewinies

Angeu a ddwg pawb - pa rag nam cyfeirx?
A gwedi Gwenddoleu neb rhiau nim peirx;
Nim gogawn gwarwy, nim gofwy ‡gordderx;
- ‡gorthyrch

Ac yngwaith Arderydd ‡oedd aur fy ngorthorx,
- ‡o edda<u>r

Cyn bwy aelaw heddiw gan ‡eiliaw eleirx.
- ‡liw


Afallen beren, bloda<e>u esplydd
A dyf yn argel yn argoedydd;
Xwedleu a gigleu yn nexreuddydd,
Ry sorri Gwassawg, gwaesaf men<u>uydd,
Dwywaith a theirgwaith, pedergwaith yn undydd.
Ox, Iesu, na ddyfu fy nihenydd
Cyn dyfod ar fy llaw llaith mab Gwenddydd.

Afallen beren, bren eil wyddfa,
Cwn coed cylx ei gwraidd digwascotwa;
A mi ddysgoganaf dyddaw etwa
Medrawd ac Arthur, modur tyrfa
Camlaun, Lannerthan difieu yna;
Namyn saith ni ddyraith or cymmanfa.
Edryxed Wenhwyfar wedi ei thraha,
Eglwysig bendefig ai tywysa.
Gwaeth i mi a dderfydd heb ysgorfa -
Lleas mab Gwenddydd, fy llaw ai gwna.

Avallen beren, beraf ei haeron
A dyf yn argel yn argoed Kelyddon,
Yn y ddel Kadwaladr i gynadl rhyd Rhëon,
Kynan yn erbyn, cychwyn ar Saeson.
Kymru a orvydd, kain vydde dragon,
Kaffant bawb ei deithi, llawn fi Brython;
Kaintor cyrn elwch, kathl heddwch a hinon.


[alongside this verse:] E. Llwy<d>

Myrddin a'i dywawd, anno 570 (Myrddin ab Morfryn neu Fyrddin Wyllt neu Fyrddin y Coet)


[The Afallennau of Myrddin, which he was given by his lord, Gwenddolau ap Heidio - from Y Delyn Ledr.
Copy of Owen Jones's Afallennau with the different readings in the margin.

No one was given in one dawn
What was given to Myrddin before he reached old age:
A hundred and forty-seven sweet apple-trees
Each one equal in age, height, length and size.
Along the king's slope they grow
A doled as high as their gorthsaint,
Their name elegant, their protuding branches sparkling.

Sweet and fair apple-tree,
The fruit upon you is no small load,
And I am fearful and anxious around you
Lest the foresters, tree-fellers, should come
To dig up your roots and harm your seed
So that no apple will ever grow upon you.
And I am wild in appearance,
To my cathredd distress, I have no clothes to hide me.
Gwenddolau gave me treasures generously
And today he is not as he was.
[sideways, referring to this verse:]
This verse is right according to Mr Evans's Specimens.

Sweet and slender apple-tree,
Serving as a cloak, praiseworthy, conferring blessings, fair;
Lords use you for an unworthy pretext,
And hollow, bwydiawg, corrupt monks;
And our saucy servants, they are wily,
They shall be to men an omen of a royal opportunity.

Sweet apple-tree, sturdy and verdant,
Its branches feather-like and its tree-trunk fine;
And I prophsey a battle for revenge
Companion[?s on the slope of Pengwern, mead their reward.]

Sweet-apple tree, growing in a glade,
Its peculiar gift hides it from Rhydderch's lords
A thronging at its trunk, trade around it,
They had an abundance of burrows without delay.
Gwenddydd does not love me and does not greet me,
I am hated by Gwasawg, Rhydderch's protector -
I killed his son and daughter.
Death takes everyone - why does it not greet me?
And after Gwenddolau, no lords respect me;
I am not mocked in jest, no lady-love seeks me;
And in the battle of Arfderydd my torque was golden,
Although I am dear today to one of the colour of a swan.

Sweet apple-tree with delicate flowers
Which grows hidden on the edge of the forest;
You heard stories at dawn
That Gwasawg, defender men<u>uydd became angry
Twice and thrice and four times in one day.
Alas, Jesus, that my death did not come
Before the blood of Gwenddydd's son was on my hands.

Sweet apple-tree, which is like a throne,
Wild dogs around its roots angrily protecting it;
And I prophesy the coming again
Of Medrawd and Arthur, the ruler of the multitude
Of Camlan to Lannerthan this Thursday;
Only seven returned from the meeting.
Let Gwenhwyfar look out after her insolence,
An ecclesiastical lord will escort her.
Worse will happen to me, without defence -
The death of Gwenddydd's son, it is my hand which will do it.

Sweet apple-tree, with the sweetest fruits
Which grows in a secret place in the Forest of Celyddon,
Until Cadwaladr will come to the conference of the ford of Rhëon,
Cynan opposing, setting upon the English;
The Welsh will be victorious, the dragon would be bright,
All will have their entitlement, the Briton will be complete,
The singer of the horns of jubilation will sing a song of peace and fair prospects.

[alongside this verse:] E. Llwy<d>

Thus sang Myrddin, anno 570 (Myrddin ap Morfryn or Myrddin Wyllt or Myrddin y coet)]

Endorsement: John Walters from London




NOTES:
(in original and translation) men<u>uydd ?
before he reached old age or: more swiftly than old age.
they grow for `tyfeddiant'. A guess; not in GPC as a form.
A doled as high as their gorthsaint words not in GPC
cathredd words not in GPC
bwydiawg gwydiawg [=sinful, wicked] is the reading in printed text. `Bwydiawg' not in GPC. Tempting to put gluttonous or greedy as translation.
our servants gweision ein > gweision i ni?
They shall be to men an omen of a royal opportunity - ?
for revenge am dias - am ddias (not mutated as it should if this is the meaning)
Companion[?s on the slope of Pengwern, mead their reward] Guess.
They had an abundance of burrows without delay - ?
Although I am dear today to one of the colour of a swan - ?
angrily protecting it dig wascotwa > dig wasgodi? Guess.
this Translation has taken original yna as error for yma. Probably shouldn't.
Admin