Y deunydd ffug
Ar sail y deunydd ffug a ychwanegodd Iolo Morganwg at y corff o ffynonellau hanesyddol a llenyddol Cymreig llwyddodd ysgolheigion oes Fictoria i greu gorffennol cenedlaethol a oedd yn cydweddu â disgwrs hanesyddol y dydd. O ganlyniad, goroesodd y Cymry fel cenedl. Yr oedd etifeddion Iolo mor benderfynol o greu hanes hybarch ar gyfer eu pobl nes eu bod yn ddall i'r posibilrwydd mai ffugwaith neu dwyll oedd ei weledigaeth. Eu prif ddiddordeb oedd y deunydd Ioloaidd a oedd yn ymwneud â hanes cynnar Cymru ac Ynysoedd Prydain, sef y trioedd; y pantheon o arwyr diwylliannol (yn eu plith Hu Gadarn a Dafydd ap Gwilym); a thraddodiad barddol de Cymru, yn enwedig Morgannwg. Cynhaliwyd y weledigaeth hon gan ysgolheigion fel T. C. Evans (Cadrawd).
Trioedd
Atgynhyrchwyd y deunydd a ychwanegodd Iolo at y trioedd dilys mewn llawer traethawd eisteddfodol ac mewn cylchgronau. Yn wir, yr oeddynt mor boblogaidd fel y bathodd Y Punch Cymreig drioedd newydd dychanol. "Trioedd")
Trioedd
Derwyddiaeth
Ym 1873 gofynnodd un o gyfranwyr Bye-Gones ai gan y Derwyddon y cafodd Charles Darwin rai o'i syniadau:Druidism, the ancient religion of the Welsh, in one of its doctrines, seems near akin to Darwinism. Druidism was not the religion of a barbarous and savage people, but rather of a race who had attained a certain state of civilization and intellectual refinement. One of its chief tenets was that the soul never dies, but transmigrates, after the decease of the body, into another. This doctrine, as explained by the following extract, seems to involve something not at all unlike what is laid down in the comparatively modern doctrine of Darwinism . . . basically: the earth was initially covered by water, . . . 'in course of the ages, man ultimately appeared, the most perfect receptacle of the soul on earth', if soul did evil, it lapsed again into some lower being; if it was attached to good, it would then contain all the wisdom in its next incarnation, so that the world was constantly evolving to a state of perfection . . . May we venture to append the query 'Has Darwin borrowed from the Druids?' - Z.
Hu Gadarn
 "Hu Gadarn")
Hu Gadarn
Dafydd ap Gwilym
Ffugiadau gan Iolo oedd rhai o gerddi mwyaf poblogaidd Dafydd ap Gwilym yn y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg. Cyfieithwyd 'Yr Haf' mor gynnar â 1834:THOU Summer! Father of delight,
With thy dense spray and thickets deep;
Gemmed monarch, with thy rapt'rous light,
Rousing thy subject glens from sleep!
Proud has thy march of triumph been,
Thou prophet, prince of forest green!
Artificer of wood and tree,
Thou painter of unrivalled skill,
Who ever scattered gems like thee,
And gorgeous webs on park and hill?
'Till vale and hill with radiant dies,
Became another Paradise!
And thou hast sprinkled leaves and flow'rs,
And goodly chains of leafy bow'rs;
And bid thy youthful warblers sing
On oak and knoll the song of spring.
And blackbird's note of ecstacy
Burst loudly from the woodbine tree,
Till all the world is thronged with gladness -
Her multitudes have done with sadness!
Oh, Summer! Do I ask in vain?
Thus in thy glory wilt thou deign
My messenger to be?
Hence from the bowels of the land
Of wild, wild Gwyneth to the strand
Of fair Glamorgan - ocean's band -
Sweet margin of the sea!
To dear Glamorgan, when we part,
Oh, bear a thousand times my heart!
My blessing give a thousand times,
And crown with joy her glowing climes!
Take on her lovely vales thy stand,
And tread and trample round the land -
The beauteous shore whose harvest lies
All sheltered from inclement skies!
Radiant with corn and vineyards sweet,
And lakes of fish and mansions neat,
With halls of stone where kindness dwells,
And where each hospitable lord
Heaps for the stranger guest his board!
And where the gen'rous wine-cup swells;
With trees that bear the luscious pear
So thickly clust'ring every where,
That the fair country of my love
Looks dense as one continous grove!
Her lofty woods with warblers teem,
Her fields with flow'rs that love the stream,
Her vallies varied crops display,
Eight kinds of corn, and three of hay;
Bright parlour, with her trefoiled floor!
Sweet garden spread on ocean's shore!
Glamorgan's bounteous knights award
Bright mead and burnished gold to me;
Glamorgan boasts of many a bard,
Well skilled in harp and vocal glee:
The districts round her border spread
From her have drawn their daily bread -
Her milk, her wheat, her varied stores,
Have been the life of distant shores!
And court and hamlet food have found
From the rich soil of Britain's southern bound.
And wilt thou then obey my power,
Thou Summer, in thy brightest hour?
To her thy glorious hues unfold
In one rich embassy of gold!
Her morns with bliss and splendour light,
And fondly kiss her mansions white;
Fling wealth and verdure o'er her bow'rs,
And for her gather all thy flow'rs!
Glance o'er her castles white with lime
With genial glimmerings sublime;
Plant on the verdant coast thy feet,
Her lofty hills, her woodlands sweet;
Oh! lavish blossoms with thy hand
O'er all the forests of the land,
And let thy gifts like floods descending
O'er every hill and glen be blending;
Let orchard, garden, vine express
Thy fulness and thy fruitfulness -
O'er all the land of beauty fling
The costly traces of thy wing!
And thus mid all thy radiant flowers,
Thy thick'ning leaves and glossy bowers,
The poet's task shall be to glean
Roses and flowers that softly bloom,
(The jewels of the forest's gloom!)
And trefoils wove in pavement green,
With sad humility to grace
His golden Ivor's resting place!
With thy dense spray and thickets deep;
Gemmed monarch, with thy rapt'rous light,
Rousing thy subject glens from sleep!
Proud has thy march of triumph been,
Thou prophet, prince of forest green!
Artificer of wood and tree,
Thou painter of unrivalled skill,
Who ever scattered gems like thee,
And gorgeous webs on park and hill?
'Till vale and hill with radiant dies,
Became another Paradise!
And thou hast sprinkled leaves and flow'rs,
And goodly chains of leafy bow'rs;
And bid thy youthful warblers sing
On oak and knoll the song of spring.
And blackbird's note of ecstacy
Burst loudly from the woodbine tree,
Till all the world is thronged with gladness -
Her multitudes have done with sadness!
Oh, Summer! Do I ask in vain?
Thus in thy glory wilt thou deign
My messenger to be?
Hence from the bowels of the land
Of wild, wild Gwyneth to the strand
Of fair Glamorgan - ocean's band -
Sweet margin of the sea!
To dear Glamorgan, when we part,
Oh, bear a thousand times my heart!
My blessing give a thousand times,
And crown with joy her glowing climes!
Take on her lovely vales thy stand,
And tread and trample round the land -
The beauteous shore whose harvest lies
All sheltered from inclement skies!
Radiant with corn and vineyards sweet,
And lakes of fish and mansions neat,
With halls of stone where kindness dwells,
And where each hospitable lord
Heaps for the stranger guest his board!
And where the gen'rous wine-cup swells;
With trees that bear the luscious pear
So thickly clust'ring every where,
That the fair country of my love
Looks dense as one continous grove!
Her lofty woods with warblers teem,
Her fields with flow'rs that love the stream,
Her vallies varied crops display,
Eight kinds of corn, and three of hay;
Bright parlour, with her trefoiled floor!
Sweet garden spread on ocean's shore!
Glamorgan's bounteous knights award
Bright mead and burnished gold to me;
Glamorgan boasts of many a bard,
Well skilled in harp and vocal glee:
The districts round her border spread
From her have drawn their daily bread -
Her milk, her wheat, her varied stores,
Have been the life of distant shores!
And court and hamlet food have found
From the rich soil of Britain's southern bound.
And wilt thou then obey my power,
Thou Summer, in thy brightest hour?
To her thy glorious hues unfold
In one rich embassy of gold!
Her morns with bliss and splendour light,
And fondly kiss her mansions white;
Fling wealth and verdure o'er her bow'rs,
And for her gather all thy flow'rs!
Glance o'er her castles white with lime
With genial glimmerings sublime;
Plant on the verdant coast thy feet,
Her lofty hills, her woodlands sweet;
Oh! lavish blossoms with thy hand
O'er all the forests of the land,
And let thy gifts like floods descending
O'er every hill and glen be blending;
Let orchard, garden, vine express
Thy fulness and thy fruitfulness -
O'er all the land of beauty fling
The costly traces of thy wing!
And thus mid all thy radiant flowers,
Thy thick'ning leaves and glossy bowers,
The poet's task shall be to glean
Roses and flowers that softly bloom,
(The jewels of the forest's gloom!)
And trefoils wove in pavement green,
With sad humility to grace
His golden Ivor's resting place!
Morgannwg
Gwelir yn y darn hwn gan Cadrawd 'Ploughing with Oxen in Glamorgan' (1883) y modd y mae deunydd dilys a ffug yn gwau i'w gilydd:As far as I have been able to ascertain, there was not in any part of Wales anything so systematic with regard to ox-driving as in "Gwent and Morganwg." It was customary to sing to the oxen in Brecknock, Caermarthen, and other counties besides; but it does not appear that there was any set measure. In Glamorgan the metre was invariably the ancient Triban, and the old airs which were sung over the broad corn-fields of Morganwg have, according to Edward Williams (Iolo Morganwg), been brought down to us from the time of the Romans . . . In Cyfrinach y Beirdd (which is the best authority on Glamorganshire Metres) we are informed that the Triban had been from a remote period one of the recognised metres of the 'Bardic Chair of Glamorgan', but was rejected by the Chairs of Gwynedd, Powys and Dyfed up to a recent date. It was restored to its proper place in 1819, at the Carmarthen Eisteddfod. It would be trespassing on your valuable space to quote from Cyfrinach y Beirdd, but another eminent authority is at hand, possessed of - 'As great a souls as ever Warmed a Welshman's breast' . . . An example given in Cyfrinach y Beirdd, of a Triban in its modern style, is as follows: -
Anhyfryd beth yw methu,
A ffwyl ar ddyn yw ffaelu;
Ni wel fwynder glwysber glân,
Nag unawr gân a gwenu.
Anhyfryd beth yw methu,
A ffwyl ar ddyn yw ffaelu;
Ni wel fwynder glwysber glân,
Nag unawr gân a gwenu.
Gwelid arwyddeiriau barddol a gwyddor farddol Iolo Morganwg ar faneri, ar gerrig beddi ac ar adeiladau cyhoeddus. Cafodd ei syniadau ddylanwad ar Gymry a oedd yn byw cyn belled i ffwrdd â Phatagonia, ac ar gymdeithas y Vereinigte Alte Orden der Druiden (Urdd Hynafol Unedig y Derwyddon) yn yr Almaen.
Arwyddeiriau barddol
Y mae'r disgrifiad o'r pafiliwn yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Wrecsam 1888 yn dyst i boblogrwydd ymadroddion ac arwyddeiriau Iolo mewn digwyddiadau cymdeithasol. Fe'i haddurnwyd â detholiad o arwyddeiriau adnabyddus:'A laddo a leddir', 'Y gwir yn erbyn y byd', 'Dan nawdd Duw a'i dangnefedd', 'Iesu na'd gamwaith', 'Goreu gwr, gwr y gadair', 'Câs gwr na charo'r wlad a'i macco', 'Nid da lle gellir ei well', 'Myn y gwir ei le', 'Coel clywed, gwir gweled', 'Nid byth ond byth bythoedd', Tra môr tra Brython', 'Hwy pery clod na golud', 'Goreu arf, arf dysg', 'Deffro, mae'n ddydd', 'Môr o gân yw Cymru i gyd', 'Duw a phob daioni', a 'Calon wrth Galon'.
Yr wyddor farddol
Ym 1916 defnyddiwyd yr wyddor farddol i gerfio enwau tair sir ar ddeg Cymru ar y cerrig gorseddol a godwyd ar gyfer Gorsedd Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Aberystwyth. "Enghraifft o'r wyddor farddol ar un o gerrig yr Orsedd")
Enghraifft o'r wyddor farddol ar un o gerrig yr Orsedd
Patagonia
Ym 1881 rhoddodd William John Roberts (Gwilym Cowlyd) ganiatâd i Griffith Griffiths (Gutyn Ebrill) o Batagonia gynnal Gorseddau yn y Gymru Newydd a'r trefedigaethau Cymreig ledled y byd.)
Vereinigte Alte Orden der Druiden
Daeth yr urdd Almaenig hon i gysylltiad â'r Orsedd trwy gyfrwng Syr Hubert von Herkomer (1849-1914), arlunydd a hanai o Bafaria. Bu'n Athro Celf ym Mhrifysgol Rhydychen rhwng 1885 a 1895 ac yr oedd hefyd yn aelod o'r Academi Frenhinol. Noddwyd ef gan Charles William Mansel Lewis o Gastell y Strade. Urddwyd Herkomer yn aelod o'r Orsedd ym 1895 ac ef a fu'n gyfrifol am gynllunio gwisgoedd yr Orsedd yn ogystal â'r cleddyf mawreddog a ddefnyddir hyd heddiw mewn seremonïau gorseddol. (Gweler y llun o Hwfa Môn yn y wisg a gynlluniodd Herkomer ar ei gyfer fel Archdderwydd.) "VAOD")
VAOD
Noddir y prosiect gan
